Sexual reproduction

Sexual reproduction (/sɛkʃuːəl rɪprəˈdʌkʃən/) is a type of reproduction that involves the combination of genetic material from two individuals to produce offspring. The term originates from the Latin sexus, meaning "sex", and reproduco, meaning "I reproduce".

Process

Sexual reproduction typically involves the fusion of specialized cells, known as gametes, from two parents. This process, known as fertilization, results in the formation of a zygote, which develops into a new individual with a unique combination of genes.

In many species, sexual reproduction involves two distinct types of gametes: the larger egg cell (or ovum) produced by the female, and the smaller sperm cell produced by the male. However, in some species, both parents produce similar types of gametes, a process known as isogamy.

Advantages and Disadvantages

Sexual reproduction provides several advantages, including genetic diversity, which can increase a population's ability to adapt to changing environments. However, it also has disadvantages, such as the cost of finding and attracting mates, and the risk of sexually transmitted diseases.

Related Terms

Asexual reproduction: A type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes.
Meiosis: The process of cell division that produces gametes.
Mitosis: The process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells.
Hermaphroditism: The condition of having both male and female reproductive organs.

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Sexual reproduction