Speciation
Speciation
Speciation (/spiːʃiːˈeɪʃən/) is the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species. The biologist Orator F. Cook coined the term in 1906 for cladogenesis, the splitting of lineages, as opposed to anagenesis, phyletic evolution within lineages.
Etymology
The term "speciation" is derived from the Latin word "species," meaning "kind," and the suffix "-ation," which implies a process or action. Thus, speciation translates to "the process of forming kinds."
Types of Speciation
There are four modes of natural speciation, based on the extent to which speciating populations are isolated from one another: allopatric, peripatric, parapatric, and sympatric. Speciation may also be induced artificially, through animal husbandry, cultivation, or laboratory experiments.
Allopatric Speciation
In Allopatric speciation, a population is divided geographically and evolves separately.
Peripatric Speciation
Peripatric speciation is a mode of speciation in which a new species is formed from an isolated peripheral population.
Parapatric Speciation
Parapatric speciation refers to species that are adjacent to each other and have slight gene flow between them.
Sympatric Speciation
Sympatric speciation involves the formation of two or more descendant species from a single ancestral species all occupying the same geographic location.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Speciation
- Wikipedia's article - Speciation
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