Spherocytes
Spherocytes
Spherocytes (/sfɪəˈroʊsaɪts/) are abnormal red blood cells that appear as small, round spheres in the blood smear. They are associated with certain types of anemia, particularly hereditary spherocytosis and autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
Etymology
The term "spherocyte" is derived from the Greek words "sphaira" (sphere) and "kytos" (cell), referring to the cell's spherical shape.
Definition
Spherocytes are red blood cells that have lost their biconcave shape and become spherical. This change in shape is typically due to a defect in the cell's membrane, which causes it to lose its elasticity and become rigid.
Causes
Spherocytes can be caused by a variety of conditions, including:
- Hereditary spherocytosis: This is a genetic disorder that causes a defect in the red blood cell membrane, leading to the formation of spherocytes.
- Autoimmune hemolytic anemia: In this condition, the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own red blood cells, causing them to become spherocytes.
- Infections: Certain infections, such as malaria and sepsis, can also cause the formation of spherocytes.
Diagnosis
The presence of spherocytes in the blood can be detected through a blood smear test. This involves taking a sample of blood and examining it under a microscope. Spherocytes can be identified by their distinctive round shape.
Treatment
Treatment for spherocytes depends on the underlying cause. In cases of hereditary spherocytosis, treatment may involve removing the spleen (a procedure known as a splenectomy), as this is where most of the spherocytes are destroyed. In cases of autoimmune hemolytic anemia, treatment may involve medications to suppress the immune system.
Related Terms
- Anemia: A condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells.
- Hemolysis: The destruction of red blood cells.
- Splenectomy: Surgical removal of the spleen.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Spherocytes
- Wikipedia's article - Spherocytes
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