Spinal deformity

Spinal Deformity

Spinal deformity (pronunciation: /ˈspaɪnəl dɪˈfɔːrmɪti/) is a condition that results in the abnormal curvature or misalignment of the spine. This can occur as a result of various underlying conditions or diseases, or it can be congenital, meaning it is present at birth.

Etymology

The term "spinal deformity" is derived from the Latin words "spina" meaning "spine" and "deformis" meaning "misshapen" or "deformed".

Types of Spinal Deformity

There are several types of spinal deformities, including:

Scoliosis: This is a lateral (side-to-side) curvature of the spine.
Kyphosis: This is a forward curvature of the spine, often resulting in a hunchback appearance.
Lordosis: This is an excessive inward curvature of the spine, often resulting in a swayback appearance.
Spondylolisthesis: This is a condition where one vertebra slips forward over the one below it.

Causes

Spinal deformities can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

Congenital disorders: Some people are born with spinal deformities.
Genetic disorders: Certain genetic conditions, such as Marfan syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, can cause spinal deformities.
Neuromuscular disorders: Conditions that affect the nerves and muscles, such as cerebral palsy and muscular dystrophy, can lead to spinal deformities.
Trauma: Injuries to the spine can result in deformities.
Infections and tumors: These can also cause deformities of the spine.

Treatment

Treatment for spinal deformities depends on the type and severity of the deformity, the patient's age and overall health, and the underlying cause of the deformity. Treatment options may include: