Stem cell transplantation

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Stem cell transplantation

Stem cell transplantation (pronunciation: stem sel trans-plan-tay-shun), also known as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or bone marrow transplant, is a medical procedure where damaged or diseased bone marrow is replaced with healthy stem cells.

Etymology

The term "stem cell transplantation" is derived from the English words "stem" and "cell", referring to the basic building blocks of life, and "transplantation", which refers to the act of moving something from one place to another. The term "hematopoietic" is derived from the Greek words "haima" (blood) and "poiesis" (to make), referring to the process of blood cell formation.

Procedure

Stem cell transplantation involves the infusion of healthy stem cells into the patient's body to replace damaged or diseased bone marrow. The stem cells can be harvested from the patient's own body (autologous transplantation) or from a donor (allogeneic transplantation). The procedure is often used to treat conditions such as leukemia, lymphoma, and certain immune system disorders.

Related Terms

  • Autologous transplantation: A type of stem cell transplantation where the stem cells are harvested from the patient's own body.
  • Allogeneic transplantation: A type of stem cell transplantation where the stem cells are harvested from a donor.
  • Graft-versus-host disease: A potential complication of allogeneic transplantation where the donor cells attack the patient's body.
  • Hematopoietic stem cells: The type of stem cells used in stem cell transplantation, which have the ability to develop into all types of blood cells.
  • Bone marrow: The spongy tissue inside some bones, such as the hip and thigh bones, that contains hematopoietic stem cells.

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