Stratum spinosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum spinosum (pronounced: stra-tum spi-no-sum) is a layer of the epidermis that lies above the stratum basale and below the stratum granulosum. It is also known as the 'prickle cell layer' due to the appearance of its cells.
Etymology
The term 'stratum spinosum' is derived from Latin, where 'stratum' means 'layer' and 'spinosum' means 'spiny'. This is in reference to the spiny nature of the cells found in this layer.
Description
The stratum spinosum is composed of several layers of keratinocytes, which are irregularly shaped cells that are produced by the division of cells in the stratum basale. These cells are connected by desmosomes, which are intercellular junctions that provide strength and support to the tissue. The cells in the stratum spinosum also contain a network of intermediate filaments, made of a protein called keratin, which gives the skin its strength and flexibility.
Function
The primary function of the stratum spinosum is to provide strength and flexibility to the skin. The keratinocytes in this layer begin to produce keratin, which is a tough, fibrous protein that provides protection against mechanical stress, dehydration, and microbial invasion. The cells in the stratum spinosum also play a role in the immune response of the skin, as they can present antigens to T cells, which are a type of white blood cell involved in the immune response.
Related Terms
- Epidermis: The outermost layer of the skin, composed of several layers including the stratum spinosum.
- Stratum Basale: The deepest layer of the epidermis, where new skin cells are produced.
- Stratum Granulosum: The layer of the epidermis above the stratum spinosum, where keratinocytes begin to die and become filled with keratin.
- Desmosomes: Intercellular junctions that provide strength and support to tissues.
- Keratin: A tough, fibrous protein that provides strength and flexibility to the skin.
- T cells: A type of white blood cell involved in the immune response.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Stratum spinosum
- Wikipedia's article - Stratum spinosum
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