Streptomyces
Streptomyces
Streptomyces (/ˌstrɛptəˈmaɪsiːz/) is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria that belongs to the phylum Actinobacteria. It is renowned for its ability to produce a wide range of secondary metabolites, including many antibiotics.
Etymology
The name Streptomyces comes from the Greek words streptos, meaning twisted, and mykes, meaning fungus. This is due to the fungus-like appearance of the colonies formed by these bacteria.
Characteristics
Streptomyces are characteristically aerobic and require oxygen to grow. They are known for their distinct "earthy" odor that results from production of a volatile metabolite, geosmin.
Metabolism
Streptomyces are capable of producing a large number of antibiotics, including streptomycin, neomycin, and tetracycline. These antibiotics are produced as secondary metabolites, which are not necessary for the growth of the organism but provide it with a competitive advantage in its natural environment.
Genomics
The genomes of several Streptomyces species have been sequenced, revealing a high degree of genetic complexity. The genome of Streptomyces coelicolor, for example, contains over 8,000 genes.
Related Terms
- Actinobacteria: A phylum of Gram-positive bacteria.
- Antibiotics: A type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria.
- Streptomycin: An antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.
- Neomycin: An aminoglycoside antibiotic found in many topical medications.
- Tetracycline: A broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of Actinobacteria.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Streptomyces
- Wikipedia's article - Streptomyces
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