Sudden arrhythmic death syndrome

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Sudden Arrhythmic Death Syndrome (SADS)

Sudden Arrhythmic Death Syndrome (SADS), pronounced as /ˈsʌd.ən əˈrɪð.mɪk dɛθ ˈsɪn.droʊm/, is a term used to describe sudden unexpected death due to cardiac arrest caused by an arrhythmia in the absence of any structural heart disease.

Etymology

The term "Sudden Arrhythmic Death Syndrome" is derived from the sudden nature of the condition's onset, the irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia) that causes it, and the fact that it is a syndrome, meaning it is characterized by a group of symptoms.

Related Terms

  • Arrhythmia: An irregular heartbeat.
  • Cardiac Arrest: A sudden loss of blood flow resulting from the failure of the heart to pump effectively.
  • Structural Heart Disease: A defect or abnormality in the heart's structure — such as the heart's valves, wall or blood vessels near the heart.

Symptoms

SADS often has no symptoms, as it typically occurs in individuals who appear healthy and have no known heart conditions. However, some individuals may experience symptoms of an arrhythmia such as palpitations, dizziness, fainting or shortness of breath prior to a SADS event.

Causes

SADS is usually caused by a genetic heart condition which affects the electrical system of the heart, causing a dangerous and potentially fatal arrhythmia. These conditions include Long QT Syndrome, Brugada Syndrome, Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (CPVT), and Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of SADS is often made post-mortem via an autopsy. However, in some cases, it may be suspected in individuals who have a family history of sudden cardiac death at a young age. In these cases, genetic testing and Electrocardiogram (ECG) may be used to identify potential risk.

Treatment

There is currently no cure for SADS. However, treatment is focused on managing the underlying arrhythmia to prevent a SADS event. This may include medication, lifestyle changes, and in some cases, the implantation of a Cardiac Defibrillator.

External links

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