Survival analysis

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Survival Analysis

Survival analysis (pronunciation: /sərˈvʌɪvəl/ /əˈnalɪsɪs/) is a branch of statistics that deals with the analysis of time-to-event data. It is also known as event history analysis or time-to-event analysis.

Etymology

The term "survival analysis" is derived from its use in the medical sciences, where it was used to predict the survival rates of patients. The term "event history analysis" is used more in the social sciences, while "time-to-event analysis" is a more general term that can be used in any field.

Definition

Survival analysis is used when the outcome variable of interest is the time until an event occurs. This event could be death, failure of a machine, or the occurrence of a disease. The time until this event occurs is often referred to as survival time, failure time, or event time.

Related Terms

  • Censoring: This is a condition in which the survival time is not known precisely, but it is known to be either less than or greater than a certain value.
  • Hazard function: This is a function that gives the instantaneous potential per unit time for the event to occur, given that the individual has survived up to that time.
  • Survival function: This is a function that gives the probability that the event has not yet occurred by a certain time.
  • Kaplan-Meier estimator: This is a non-parametric statistic used to estimate the survival function from survival data.
  • Cox proportional hazards model: This is a regression model commonly used in medical research for investigating the association between the survival time of patients and one or more predictor variables.

See Also

External links

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