Thoracentesis

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Thoracentesis

Thoracentesis (pronounced thoh-ruh-sen-TEE-sis), also known as pleural tap, is a procedure performed by healthcare professionals to remove fluid or air from the pleural space.

Etymology

The term "thoracentesis" is derived from the Greek words "thorax," meaning chest, and "centesis," meaning surgical puncture.

Procedure

During a thoracentesis, a needle or a small tube is inserted into the pleural space, which is the area between the lungs and the chest wall. This is done to drain fluid or air and help the patient breathe easier. The procedure is usually performed under local anesthesia and guided by ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) scan.

Indications

Thoracentesis is typically performed to diagnose or treat a variety of conditions, including:

  • Pleural effusion: An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space.
  • Pneumothorax: The presence of air or gas in the pleural space causing lung collapse.
  • Empyema: A condition where pus accumulates in the pleural space.
  • Hemothorax: Accumulation of blood in the pleural space.

Risks and Complications

Like any medical procedure, thoracentesis carries some risks. These may include:

  • Pneumothorax: A potential complication where air enters the pleural space during the procedure, causing the lung to collapse.
  • Infection: Though rare, there is a risk of introducing bacteria into the pleural space, leading to an infection.
  • Bleeding: There is a risk of bleeding, especially if the needle or tube accidentally punctures a blood vessel.

Related Terms

  • Pleura: The thin tissue that lines the chest cavity and surrounds the lungs.
  • Pleural effusion: A condition characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the pleural space.
  • Pneumothorax: A condition characterized by the presence of air or gas in the pleural space.

External links

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