Anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection (APVC) (pronunciation: /əˈnɒmələs pʌlˈmɒnəri ˈviːnəs kəˈnɛkʃən/), also known as Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (APVR), is a rare congenital heart defect.
Etymology
The term is derived from the Greek word 'anomalos' meaning irregular, 'pulmonarius' from Latin meaning of the lungs, 'vena' meaning vein, and 'connectio' meaning connection.
Definition
Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection is a condition where the pulmonary veins carrying oxygen-rich blood from the lungs back to the heart are not connected to the left atrium as they should be. Instead, they are connected to the heart in abnormal positions.
Types
There are four types of APVC:
- Total APVC: All four pulmonary veins are misconnected.
- Partial APVC: One or more, but not all, of the pulmonary veins are misconnected.
- Scimitar Syndrome: A form of partial APVC where the right lung's veins drain into the inferior vena cava.
- Mixed APVC: A combination of the above types.
Symptoms
Symptoms of Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection may include:
- Shortness of breath
- Fatigue
- Rapid breathing or heart rate
- Poor weight gain in infants
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of APVC is typically made through imaging tests such as an echocardiogram, cardiac MRI, or cardiac catheterization.
Treatment
Treatment for APVC usually involves surgery to correct the misconnected veins. The type of surgery depends on the type of APVC and the patient's overall health.
See Also
- Congenital heart defect
- Pulmonary vein
- Left atrium
- Echocardiogram
- Cardiac MRI
- Cardiac catheterization
- Surgery
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Anomalous pulmonary venous connection
- Wikipedia's article - Anomalous pulmonary venous connection
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