Toxicokinetics

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Toxicokinetics

Toxicokinetics (pronounced: tox-ee-koh-ki-net-iks) is a branch of pharmacokinetics that deals with the study of how a toxin or poison is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted by the body. The term is derived from the Greek words "toxikon" (poison) and "kinesis" (movement).

Absorption

The process of absorption refers to the movement of a toxin from the site of exposure into the systemic circulation. This can occur through various routes such as inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact.

Distribution

Once absorbed, the toxin is then distributed throughout the body. The extent and rate of distribution depend on the chemical properties of the toxin, the blood flow to the organs, and the ability of the toxin to cross cell membranes.

Metabolism

Metabolism of toxins usually occurs in the liver, where they are transformed into more water-soluble compounds that can be easily excreted. However, some toxins may be bioactivated into more toxic or reactive compounds.

Excretion

The final phase of toxicokinetics is excretion, where the metabolites of the toxin are eliminated from the body. This usually occurs through the kidneys, but can also happen through the lungs, sweat, saliva, or breast milk.

Related Terms

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