Tranquilizers
Tranquilizers
Tranquilizers (pronounced: tran-kwuh-lahy-zerz), also known as anxiolytics or antianxiety drugs, are a class of drugs used to alleviate symptoms of anxiety and induce a state of tranquility in the user. The term "tranquilizer" is derived from the Latin word "tranquillus", which means calm or quiet.
Types of Tranquilizers
Tranquilizers can be broadly classified into two types:
- Minor tranquilizers: These are typically used to treat symptoms of anxiety and mild forms of depression. Examples include Benzodiazepines such as Diazepam (Valium) and Alprazolam (Xanax).
- Major tranquilizers: Also known as antipsychotics, these are used to treat severe mental illnesses such as schizophrenia. Examples include Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) and Haloperidol (Haldol).
Mechanism of Action
Tranquilizers work by slowing down the Central Nervous System (CNS), thereby reducing the intensity of anxiety and tension. They achieve this by enhancing the effect of a neurotransmitter called Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) in the brain, which inhibits the activity of the nervous system and induces a calming effect.
Side Effects
Like all drugs, tranquilizers also have potential side effects. These may include drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, and dependency. Long-term use can lead to addiction and withdrawal symptoms.
Related Terms
- Sedatives: These are drugs that induce sleep and are often used in conjunction with tranquilizers for their calming effect.
- Hypnotics: These are drugs that induce a state of hypnosis or deep sleep.
- Neurotransmitters: These are chemical messengers in the brain that transmit signals from one neuron to another.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Tranquilizers
- Wikipedia's article - Tranquilizers
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