Transposon
Transposon
Transposon (pronounced: trans-PO-zon), also known as a jumping gene, is a DNA sequence that can change its position within a genome, sometimes creating or reversing mutations and altering the cell's genetic identity and genome size.
Etymology
The term "transposon" was coined by American geneticist Barbara McClintock in 1953. It is derived from the words "transposition" and "gene", referring to the ability of these sequences to move from one location to another within the genome.
Definition
A transposon is a segment of DNA that can move to different positions within the genome of a single cell, a process called transposition. In the process, they can cause mutations and change the amount of DNA in the genome. Transposons are found in nearly all organisms and are responsible for much of the mass of the human genome.
Types of Transposons
There are two main types of transposons: Class I transposons, also known as Retrotransposons, and Class II transposons, also known as DNA transposons. Retrotransposons move by means of an RNA intermediate, while DNA transposons move directly from one position to another within the genome.
Role in Evolution
Transposons play a significant role in evolution by promoting genetic diversity and driving the evolution of genomes. They can cause mutations, change the amount of DNA in the genome, and affect gene expression, all of which can lead to new traits and characteristics.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Transposon
- Wikipedia's article - Transposon
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