Trepanation
Trepanation
Trepanation (pronounced: treh-puh-NAY-shun), also known as trephination, trephining or making a burr hole, is a surgical intervention where a hole is drilled or scraped into the human skull, exposing the dura mater to treat health problems related to intracranial diseases or release pressured blood buildup from an injury. It is often used to relieve pressure beneath a surface.
The word "trepanation" is derived from the Greek word "trypanon", meaning a borer or auger.
History
Trepanation is the oldest surgical procedure for which there is archaeological evidence, with the earliest trepanned skulls, found in various parts of the world, dating back to the Neolithic period. The procedure was used by various cultures throughout history including the Ancient Greeks, Ancient Romans, and Ancient Egyptians.
Procedure
The procedure of trepanation involves the use of a trephine, a medical instrument resembling a cylindrical saw. The trephine is used to remove a disc of bone from the skull, which can help to relieve pressure or provide access to the brain for other surgical procedures.
Risks and Complications
Like any surgical procedure, trepanation carries potential risks and complications. These can include infection, bleeding, and damage to the underlying brain tissue.
Related Terms
- Craniotomy: A surgical operation in which a bone flap is temporarily removed from the skull to access the brain.
- Craniectomy: A surgical procedure where part of the skull is removed to allow a swelling brain room to expand without being squeezed.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Trepanation
- Wikipedia's article - Trepanation
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