Type 2 diabetes

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Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes (pronounced: /taɪp tuː daɪəˈbiːtiːz/), also known as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or adult-onset diabetes, is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin.

Etymology

The term "diabetes" is derived from the Greek word diabainein, meaning "to pass through," referring to the excessive amount of urine produced by individuals with the condition. The term "mellitus" is Latin for "sweetened with honey," reflecting the high sugar content in the urine and blood of individuals with diabetes. "Type 2" distinguishes this form of diabetes from Type 1 diabetes, which is characterized by the body's inability to produce insulin.

Symptoms

Common symptoms of Type 2 diabetes include polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia (increased thirst), polyphagia (increased hunger), and unexplained weight loss. Other symptoms may include fatigue, blurred vision, slow-healing sores, and frequent infections.

Causes

Type 2 diabetes primarily occurs as a result of obesity and lack of exercise. It is associated with the Western lifestyle but is also increasing in prevalence in other parts of the world. The risk of developing Type 2 diabetes is also increased with age, a family history of diabetes, and ethnicity.

Treatment

Management of Type 2 diabetes involves lifestyle changes, including increased physical activity, a healthy diet, and weight loss. Medications may also be used to manage blood sugar levels, including metformin, sulfonylureas, and insulin therapy.

Related Terms

  • Hyperglycemia: A condition characterized by an excessive amount of glucose in the blood, often associated with diabetes mellitus.
  • Hypoglycemia: A condition characterized by an abnormally low level of glucose in the blood.
  • Glycosuria: The excretion of glucose into the urine, typically associated with diabetes mellitus.
  • Insulin resistance: A pathological condition in which cells fail to respond normally to the hormone insulin.

External links

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