Unstable

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Unstable Angina

Unstable angina (pronounced: un-stay-bul an-ji-na) is a condition in which the heart does not receive enough blood and oxygen. It is a type of angina that is unpredictable and may lead to a heart attack.

Etymology

The term "unstable" comes from the Latin word "instabilis", meaning not stable or changeable. "Angina" is derived from the Greek word "ankhone", meaning strangling. Together, "unstable angina" refers to unpredictable chest pain or discomfort due to insufficient blood flow to the heart.

Symptoms

Symptoms of unstable angina include chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, fatigue, and nausea. The pain may also spread to the arms, neck, jaw, shoulder, or back. Unlike stable angina, the symptoms of unstable angina are not predictable and do not follow a pattern. They may occur even at rest and are not relieved by rest or medication.

Causes

Unstable angina is usually caused by the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries due to the buildup of cholesterol and other substances, a condition known as atherosclerosis. This reduces the blood flow to the heart, leading to chest pain or discomfort.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of unstable angina involves a physical examination, medical history, and several tests including an electrocardiogram (ECG), blood tests, and a coronary angiogram.

Treatment

Treatment for unstable angina aims to improve blood flow to the heart, relieve symptoms, and prevent a heart attack. This may involve medications, lifestyle changes, and in some cases, surgical procedures such as angioplasty or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

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