Upper motor neuron syndrome
Upper Motor Neuron Syndrome
Upper Motor Neuron Syndrome (pronounced: UH-per MOH-tor NOO-ron SIN-drome), often abbreviated as UMNS, is a condition that can occur when the upper motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord are damaged. The term is derived from the Latin words 'superior' (upper), 'motor' (mover), 'neuron' (nerve), and the Greek word 'syndromos' (concurrence of symptoms).
Symptoms
The symptoms of UMNS can vary greatly depending on the location and extent of the damage. Common symptoms include spasticity, hyperreflexia, and muscle weakness. Other symptoms may include Babinski sign, clonus, and muscle atrophy.
Causes
UMNS can be caused by a variety of conditions that damage the upper motor neurons. These include stroke, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, and cerebral palsy. In some cases, the cause of UMNS may be unknown.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of UMNS is typically based on a combination of clinical symptoms and neuroimaging studies such as MRI or CT scan. Additional tests such as electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies (NCS) may also be used.
Treatment
Treatment for UMNS is primarily aimed at managing symptoms and improving quality of life. This may include physical therapy, occupational therapy, and medications to manage spasticity and other symptoms. In some cases, surgery may be considered.
See Also
References
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Upper motor neuron syndrome
- Wikipedia's article - Upper motor neuron syndrome
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