X-linked dominant

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X-linked dominant

X-linked dominant (pronunciation: eks-linkt doh-muh-nuhnt) is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.

Etymology

The term "X-linked" refers to the gene being located on the X chromosome, while "dominant" indicates that an individual needs only one copy of the gene to inherit the trait or disorder.

Definition

In an X-linked dominant inheritance, a mutation in a gene on the X chromosome causes the phenotype to be expressed in females (who are typically XX) and in males (who are typically XY). This means that in a family, if a mother carries the affected X chromosome, the trait or disorder can be passed down to both sons and daughters. If the father carries the affected X chromosome, only the daughters will inherit the trait or disorder.

Related Terms

  • Genetic inheritance - The process by which genetic information is passed on from parent to child. This is the foundation upon which the principles of genetics are built.
  • X chromosome - One of the two sex chromosomes in humans and many other species. The X chromosome spans about 155 million base pairs and represents approximately 5% of the total DNA in cells.
  • Dominant gene - A gene that will overpower another gene for the same trait. If an individual has one dominant and one recessive gene for a trait, the dominant gene will be expressed.
  • Mutation - A change in a DNA sequence, usually occurring because of errors in replication or repair.
  • Phenotype - The set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

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