Yawning
Yawning
Yawning (/ˈjɔːnɪŋ/), also known as oscitation, is a reflex consisting of the simultaneous inhalation of air and the stretching of the eardrums, followed by an exhalation of breath. Yawning is commonly associated with tiredness, stress, overwork, lack of stimulation, or boredom, though it is also often a physiological response to the body's need for more oxygen.
Etymology
The term "yawn" has been in use since before the 12th century and is thought to originate from the Old English word 'ginian' or 'gionian', which means to 'open wide'. The term 'oscitation' comes from the Latin 'osci', meaning 'to open the mouth'.
Physiology
Yawning is a complex reflex act which involves the respiratory system, nervous system, and facial muscles. It is triggered by a variety of factors including fatigue, boredom, and even seeing someone else yawn (a phenomenon known as contagious yawning). The exact physiological function of yawning is still not fully understood, but it is believed to help increase oxygen levels in the blood, cool the brain, and stretch the muscles and joints of the jaw and neck.
Related Terms
- Contagious yawning: The act of yawning after seeing or hearing someone else yawn. It is a common form of echophenomena - the automatic imitation of another's words (echolalia) or actions (echopraxia).
- Pandiculation: The act of stretching and yawning simultaneously, usually upon waking or before going to sleep.
- Excessive yawning: Yawning that occurs more frequently than is typical. This can be a symptom of a variety of conditions, including sleep disorders, heart conditions, and side effects of medications.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Yawning
- Wikipedia's article - Yawning
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