Coarse facial features

Coarse facial features or "'coarse facies"' describes a constellation of facial features that are present in many inborn errors of metabolism.

Features include:
 * large, bulging head
 * prominent scalp veins
 * "saddle-like, flat bridged nose with broad, fleshy tip"
 * large lips and tongue
 * small, widely spaced and/or malformed teeth
 * hypertrophic alveolar ridges and/or gums

Heads tend to be longer than normal from front to back, with a bulging forehead. This is because of the earlier than normal or premature fusion of skull bones in an affected individual.

Causes
Several conditions are associated with coarse facial features.


 * Acromegaly
 * Alpha-mannosidosis type II
 * Aspartylglycosaminuria
 * Battaglia Neri syndrome
 * Borjeson Syndrome
 * Chromosome 6q deletion syndrome
 * Coarse face - hypotonia - constipation
 * Congenital hypothyroidism
 * Dandy-Walker malformation (with mental retardation basal ganglia disease and seizures)
 * Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen Syndrome
 * Fucosidosis type 1
 * Fucosidosis type II
 * Gangliosidosis generalized GM1 (type 1)
 * Gangliosidosis GM1 (type 3)
 * GM1 gangliosidosis
 * Goldberg syndrome
 * Hyde-Forster-Mccarthy-Berry syndrome
 * Hyper IgE
 * Hypomelanosis of Ito
 * I cell disease
 * Immunodeficiency due to defect in MAPBP-interacting protein
 * Infantile sialic acid storage disorder
 * Job syndrome
 * Mannosidosis (alpha B lysosomal)
 * McCune-Albright Syndrome
 * Mental retardation (X-linked - epilepsy - progressive joint contractures - typical face)
 * Mental retardation (X-linked Raynaud type)
 * Miescher's syndrome
 * Morquio syndrome
 * Morquio syndrome type A
 * Morquio syndrome type B
 * MPS 3 C
 * MPS 3 D
 * Mucolipidosis III
 * Mucopolysaccharidosis type 2 Hunter syndrome- mild form
 * Mucopolysaccharidosis type 2 Hunter syndrome- severe form
 * Mucopolysaccharidosis type 3
 * Mucopolysaccharidosis type 6
 * Mucopolysaccharidosis type 7 Sly syndrome
 * Mucopolysaccharidosis type I Hurler syndrome
 * Mucopolysaccharidosis type I Hurler/Scheie syndrome
 * Mucopolysaccharidosis type I Scheie syndrome
 * Multiple endocrine abnormalities - adenylyl cyclase dysfunction
 * Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2b
 * Neuraminidase deficiency (type II juvenile form)
 * Nodulosis-arthropathy-osteolysis syndrome
 * Nonkeratan-sulfate-excreting Morquio syndrome
 * Pituitary tumors (adult)
 * Sialidosis type II (congenital)
 * Sialidosis type II (infantile)
 * Sialuria syndrome
 * Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome
 * Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome - type 1 (SGBS1)
 * Skeletal dysplasia - coarse facies - mental retardation
 * Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia (genevieve type)
 * Sulfatidosis juvenile (Austin type)
 * Winchester syndrome