Serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agent

A serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA), also known as a triple releasing agent (TRA), is a type of drug which induces the release of serotonin, norepinephrine (and epinephrine), and dopamine in the body and/or brain.

Examples of SNDRAs include certain amphetamines (e.g., MDMA, MDA, 4-methylamphetamine, 6-APB, naphthylisopropylamine), cathinones (e.g., mephedrone, methylone), tryptamines (e.g., αMT, αET), and agents of other chemical classes (e.g., 5-IAI). These drugs possess euphoriant, entactogen, and stimulant effects, and are almost exclusively encountered as drugs of abuse. Most or all are also neurotoxic to serotonergic and/or dopaminergic neurons.