Alpha thalassemia

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Alpha Thalassemia

Alpha thalassemia (pronounced: al-fa thal-uh-SEE-mee-uh) is a blood disorder that reduces the production of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen to cells throughout the body.

In people with alpha thalassemia, a lack of alpha globin leads to a surplus of beta globin. Beta globin is a component of hemoglobin. The imbalance of globin chains can cause red blood cells to become misshapen and fragile, leading to anemia.

Etymology

The term "alpha thalassemia" is derived from the Greek words "thalassa" meaning "sea" and "haima" meaning "blood". The "alpha" refers to the alpha globin part of the hemoglobin molecule that is affected in this condition.

Types of Alpha Thalassemia

There are four types of alpha thalassemia, which are distinguished by their effects on hemoglobin:

  • Alpha Thalassemia Minima: There are no symptoms or signs. It is detected only by genetic testing.
  • Alpha Thalassemia Minor: Mild anemia may occur.
  • Hemoglobin H disease: This can cause bone deformities, fatigue, and other complications.
  • Alpha Thalassemia Major: This is a very serious condition that can cause stillbirth or death shortly after birth.

Related Terms

  • Anemia: A condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells.
  • Hemoglobin: A protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.
  • Beta globin: A component of hemoglobin.
  • Alpha globin: A component of hemoglobin.

External links

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