Arnold
Arnold-Chiari Malformation
Arnold-Chiari Malformation (pronounced: ar-nold kee-ah-ree mal-for-may-shun) is a rare congenital condition involving the brain and spinal cord.
Etymology
The condition is named after two pathologists, Julius Arnold and Hans Chiari, who first described the malformation in the late 19th century.
Definition
Arnold-Chiari Malformation is a condition characterized by the downward displacement of the cerebellar tonsils and the medulla through the foramen magnum into the spinal canal. This can cause a range of symptoms including headaches, dizziness, muscle weakness, and problems with balance and coordination.
Types
There are four types of Arnold-Chiari Malformation:
- Arnold-Chiari Malformation Type I - This is the most common type and is often discovered in adolescence or adulthood. Symptoms may include headaches, dizziness, and muscle weakness.
- Arnold-Chiari Malformation Type II - This type is usually diagnosed at birth or during infancy. Symptoms may include breathing problems, swallowing difficulties, and rapid, downward eye movements.
- Arnold-Chiari Malformation Type III - This is a rare and severe form of the condition. Symptoms may include severe neurological defects.
- Arnold-Chiari Malformation Type IV - This is the most severe form and is often associated with other serious congenital anomalies.
Related Terms
- Cerebellum - The part of the brain affected by Arnold-Chiari Malformation.
- Foramen Magnum - The opening at the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes.
- Medulla - The lower part of the brainstem, through which nerve fibers from the brain pass to become part of the spinal cord.
- Spinal Canal - The space in the spine that contains the spinal cord.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Arnold
- Wikipedia's article - Arnold
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