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West Nile Virus

West Nile Virus (West Nile fever, West Nile disease) is a viral infection primarily transmitted by mosquitoes. Pronounced as /wɛst naɪl ˈvaɪrəs/.

Etymology

The virus was first identified in the West Nile district of Uganda in 1937. The name "West Nile Virus" was derived from this location.

Definition

West Nile Virus is a single-stranded RNA virus that causes West Nile fever. It is a member of the family Flaviviridae, specifically from the genus Flavivirus, which also contains the Zika virus, the dengue virus, and the yellow fever virus.

Symptoms

Most people infected with West Nile Virus do not experience symptoms. About 20% of people develop a fever, headache, vomiting, or a rash. In less than 1% of people, encephalitis or meningitis occurs, with associated neck stiffness, confusion, or seizures.

Transmission

West Nile Virus is primarily transmitted by mosquitoes, specifically Culex species mosquitoes. Birds are the primary hosts of West Nile, with mosquitoes becoming infected when they feed on infected birds.

Prevention

Prevention involves avoiding mosquito bites through the use of mosquito nets, insect repellent, and wearing protective clothing. There is no vaccine for the West Nile Virus.

Treatment

There is no specific treatment for West Nile Virus. Over-the-counter pain relievers can be used to alleviate symptoms. In severe cases, patients often need to be hospitalized to receive supportive treatment, such as intravenous fluids, pain medication, and nursing care.

Related Terms

External links

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