Periodic paralysis
Periodic Paralysis
Periodic paralysis (pronounced: puh-ri-od-ik puh-ral-uh-sis) is a group of rare genetic diseases that lead to weakness or paralysis from common triggers such as cold, heat, high carbohydrate meals, hunger, stress or excitement and physical activity.
Etymology
The term "periodic paralysis" is derived from the Greek words "periodos" meaning "recurring" and "paralysis" meaning "loss of muscle function".
Types of Periodic Paralysis
There are several types of periodic paralysis, each with its own unique set of symptoms, causes, and treatments. These include:
- Hypokalemic periodic paralysis: A condition that causes episodes of extreme muscle weakness typically occurring after exercise or high carbohydrate meals.
- Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis: A condition that causes episodes of muscle weakness or paralysis, often in response to rest after exercise or when potassium levels in the blood are high.
- Andersen-Tawil syndrome: A condition that causes episodes of muscle weakness, changes in heart rhythm, and distinctive features such as low-set ears and a small lower jaw.
Symptoms
Symptoms of periodic paralysis may include muscle weakness, paralysis, muscle stiffness (myotonia), and in some cases, changes in heart rhythm. The severity and duration of symptoms can vary greatly from person to person.
Causes
Periodic paralysis is caused by mutations in genes that regulate the flow of ions into muscle cells. These mutations lead to an imbalance of ions in muscle cells, causing them to become depolarized and unable to contract properly.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of periodic paralysis is based on the presence of characteristic symptoms, a detailed patient history, a thorough clinical evaluation, and specialized tests such as genetic testing and electromyography (EMG).
Treatment
Treatment for periodic paralysis is focused on preventing or reducing the severity of attacks and may include lifestyle changes, medication, and in some cases, surgery.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Periodic paralysis
- Wikipedia's article - Periodic paralysis
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