Cell damage
Cell Damage
Cell damage (pronunciation: /sɛl 'dæmɪdʒ/) is a phenomenon that occurs when cells are unable to repair the damage to their components or are unable to perform their normal functions. This can be due to a variety of factors, including toxins, infections, inflammation, and genetic disorders.
Etymology
The term "cell damage" is derived from the Latin cella meaning "small room" and the Old French domage meaning "harm or injury".
Types of Cell Damage
There are several types of cell damage, including:
- Necrosis: This is a form of cell injury which results in the premature death of cells in living tissue.
- Apoptosis: This is a form of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms.
- Autophagy: This is the natural, regulated mechanism of the cell that disassembles unnecessary or dysfunctional components.
Causes of Cell Damage
Cell damage can be caused by a variety of factors, including:
- Oxidative stress: This occurs when there is an imbalance of free radicals and antioxidants in the body.
- Physical trauma: This includes injuries such as cuts, bruises, or burns.
- Chemical agents: These can include toxins, drugs, or other harmful substances.
- Radiation: This can include exposure to ultraviolet light, X-rays, or other forms of radiation.
Related Terms
- Cell death: This is the event of a biological cell ceasing to carry out its functions.
- Cell injury: This is a variety of changes that a cell undergoes when it is exposed to adverse conditions.
- Cell repair: This is the process by which cells are able to repair damage to their components.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Cell damage
- Wikipedia's article - Cell damage
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