Lipid bilayer
Lipid Bilayer
The Lipid Bilayer (pronounced: /ˈlɪpɪd ˈbaɪˌleɪər/) is a fundamental structure of biological membranes. It is composed of two layers of lipids that form a continuous barrier around cells and within cells to separate different compartments.
Etymology
The term "Lipid Bilayer" is derived from the Greek word "lipos" meaning fat, and the Latin word "bi-" meaning two, and "layer" from Old English "laege". It refers to the double layer structure formed by lipid molecules.
Structure
The lipid bilayer is primarily composed of phospholipids, which consist of a phosphate head and two fatty acid tails. The phosphate heads are hydrophilic (water-loving), while the fatty acid tails are hydrophobic (water-fearing). This leads to the formation of a bilayer, with the hydrophilic heads facing the aqueous environment and the hydrophobic tails facing each other, away from the water.
Function
The lipid bilayer serves as a barrier to the passage of ions and molecules, thus maintaining the integrity of cells and their internal environment. It also provides a matrix for the incorporation of proteins that carry out various functions such as transport of substances, signal transduction, and cell adhesion.
Related Terms
- Cell membrane: The cell membrane or plasma membrane is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment. It is composed of a lipid bilayer.
- Phospholipid: Phospholipids are a class of lipids that are a major component of all cell membranes as they can form lipid bilayers.
- Hydrophilic: Hydrophilic substances are those that are attracted to water.
- Hydrophobic: Hydrophobic substances are those that repel water.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Lipid bilayer
- Wikipedia's article - Lipid bilayer
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