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...ptors are activated by compounds present in the body at very low ('trace') concentrations. ...s receive signals from outside the cell and initiate a response inside the cell.

...lobulin D''' ('''IgD''') is an [[antibody]] isotype that is found in the [[blood serum]] of humans. Pronounced as /ˌɪmjʊnəʊɡlɒbjuːlɪn 'diː/, the t ...g. It is also found in a soluble form in blood serum, although at very low concentrations compared to other [[immunoglobulin]]s.

...) are specialized [[cell (biology)|cells]] that detect changes in chemical concentrations in the body's internal or external environment. They play a crucial role in ...rotid body]] and [[aortic body]], and they primarily detect changes in the blood's oxygen levels, carbon dioxide levels, and pH.

...a [[glucose]] and [[insulin]] concentrations to estimate steady state beta cell function and insulin resistance. ...in the body are resistant to the effects of insulin, leading to increased blood sugar.

..., are specialized [[cell (biology)|cells]] that detect changes in chemical concentrations in the body's internal or external environment. They play a crucial role in ...rotid body]] and [[aortic body]], and they primarily detect changes in the blood's oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH levels.

...t entirely clear but believed to be related to its ability to increase the concentrations of serotonin and norepinephrine, and inhibit the action of acetylcholine. ...serotonin syndrome, QT interval prolongation, and a decreased white blood cell count.

...e A2A receptor|A2A receptor]]''' - These receptors are found in the brain, blood vessels, and immune cells. They stimulate adenylyl cyclase activity and inc ...lls. They have a low affinity for adenosine and are only activated by high concentrations of the ligand.

...ated lymphoid tissue''' (pronounced: /mɑːlt/) is a diffuse system of small concentrations of lymphoid tissue found in various submucosal membrane sites of the body, * [[Lymphocytes]]: A type of white blood cell that is part of the immune system.

...ctively serve to increase and maintain normal concentrations of glucose in blood.

...lecule or cell, in any biological medium. The most commonly used media are blood and urine.

* [[Angina pectoris]] - A type of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart. ...artery]] - One of the most important arteries of the lower leg, supplying blood to the anterior compartment of the leg and dorsal surface of the foot.