Air filters
Air Filters
Air filters (pronunciation: /ɛər fɪltər/) are devices composed of fibrous or porous materials which remove solid particulates such as dust, pollen, mold, and bacteria from the air.
Etymology
The term "air filter" comes from the English words "air" and "filter". The word "air" is derived from the Old English 'ǣr', while "filter" originates from the Medieval Latin 'filtrum' meaning 'felt', a material which was used to filter liquids.
Function
Air filters are used in applications where air quality is important, notably in building ventilation systems and in engines. Some buildings, as well as airplanes and other man-made environments (e.g., satellites and space shuttles) use foam, pleated paper, or spun fiberglass filter elements. Another method, air ionizers, use fibers or elements with a static electric charge, which attract dust particles. The air intakes of internal combustion engines and air compressors tend to use either paper, foam, or cotton filters.
Types of Air Filters
There are several types of air filters, including:
- HEPA filters: High Efficiency Particulate Air filters can theoretically remove at least 99.97% of dust, pollen, mold, bacteria, and any airborne particles with a size of 0.3 micrometers (µm).
- ULPA filters: Ultra Low Penetration Air filters are considered more efficient than HEPA filters, but are used in fewer applications due to higher cost.
- Activated carbon filters: These filters are used to adsorb volatile organic compounds and other gases.
- Pre-filters: These are typically used in conjunction with other types of filters, and are used to capture larger particles.
Related Terms
- Air Purifier: A device which removes contaminants from the air in a room to improve indoor air quality.
- HVAC: Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning is the technology of indoor and vehicular environmental comfort.
- Particulate Matter: Also known as particle pollution, is a complex mixture of extremely small particles and liquid droplets that get into the air.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Air filters
- Wikipedia's article - Air filters
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