Haloalkane

Haloalkane or alkyl halides are a group of chemical compounds, consisting of alkanes, such as methane or ethane, with one or more halogens linked, such as chlorine or fluorine, making them a type of organic halide.

Structure and Physical Properties

Haloalkanes are classified into different types based on the type and arrangement of the halogen atom. They can be classified as primary, secondary or tertiary haloalkanes. The carbon-halogen bond in haloalkanes is polarized because of the difference in electronegativity between the carbon and the halogen atoms.

Synthesis

Haloalkanes can be synthesized from alcohols by using a halogen acid, phosphorus halides, or thionyl chloride. They can also be prepared from alkanes through free radical halogenation.

Reactions

Haloalkanes undergo various reactions, including nucleophilic substitution, elimination reactions, and reactions with metals.

Uses

Haloalkanes are used in a wide variety of applications, including refrigerants, aerosol propellants, solvents, and pharmaceuticals.

Health Effects

Exposure to haloalkanes can cause various health effects, including skin and eye irritation, respiratory problems, and in severe cases, damage to the liver and kidneys.

See Also

• Alkane
• Halogen
• Organic Halide
• Nucleophilic Substitution
• Elimination Reaction

References

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