Penile cancer
(Redirected from Carcinoma of the penis)
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Penile cancer | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Cancer of the penis |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Lump on the penis, ulceration, bleeding, discharge |
| Complications | Metastasis, erectile dysfunction, urinary obstruction |
| Onset | Most common in men over 50 |
| Duration | Long-term |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | HPV, smoking, phimosis, poor hygiene |
| Risks | HPV infection, smoking, uncircumcised |
| Diagnosis | Biopsy, imaging studies |
| Differential diagnosis | STI, dermatitis, psoriasis |
| Prevention | HPV vaccine, circumcision, safe sex |
| Treatment | Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Depends on stage at diagnosis |
| Frequency | Rare, <1% of male cancers |
| Deaths | Varies by region |
Penile cancer is a rare type of cancer that forms in the penis, an external male reproductive organ. Most cases of penile cancer are classified as squamous cell carcinomas, which begin in the flat cells lining the penis.
Types
Penile cancer primarily includes:
- Squamous cell carcinoma: The most common type, originating in the flat cells of the penis.
- Melanoma: A less common type, affecting the pigment cells in the skin of the penis.
- Other rarer types include adenocarcinoma, sarcoma, and basal cell carcinoma.
Causes and Risk Factors
While the exact cause of penile cancer is unknown, several risk factors have been identified, including:
- HPV infection
- Smegma buildup due to poor hygiene
- Phimosis
- Smoking
- Age (most common in men over 50)
Symptoms
Common symptoms of penile cancer include:
- A growth or sore on the penis, often painless
- Thickening of the skin of the penis
- Discoloration or change in the skin of the penis
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of penile cancer typically involves:
- Physical examination
- Biopsy
- Imaging tests such as MRI, CT scan, or ultrasound
Treatment
Treatment options vary based on the stage and type of cancer and may include:
- Surgery
- Radiation therapy
- Chemotherapy
Prevention
Preventive measures include practicing good hygiene, HPV vaccination, and avoiding tobacco use.
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Contributors: Kondreddy Naveen, Prab R. Tumpati, MD
