Covalent bonding
Covalent Bonding
Covalent bonding (/koʊˈveɪlənt ˈbɒndɪŋ/) is a type of chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. The stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces between atoms, when they share electrons, is known as covalent bonding.
Etymology
The term "covalent bond" dates from 1939. The prefix "co-" comes from Latin "com-" meaning "together", and "valent", derived from the Latin "valens" (present participle of "valere" to be strong), refers to the combining power of an element.
Types of Covalent Bonds
There are several types of covalent bonds including:
- Single Covalent Bond: A single covalent bond is when only one pair of electrons is shared between atoms.
- Double Covalent Bond: A double covalent bond is when two pairs of electrons are shared between atoms.
- Triple Covalent Bond: A triple covalent bond is when three pairs of electrons are shared between atoms.
Properties of Covalent Bonds
Covalent bonds have certain properties that distinguish them from other types of bonds. These include:
- Bond Length: This is the average distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms in a molecule.
- Bond Angle: This is the angle formed between three atoms across at least two bonds.
- Bond Energy: This is the measure of bond strength in a chemical bond.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Covalent bonding
- Wikipedia's article - Covalent bonding
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