Cream (pharmacy)
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Cream (pharmacy)
A cream is a topical preparation used in pharmacy for the application of medication to the skin. Creams are semi-solid emulsions, which are mixtures of oil and water. They are designed to be absorbed into the skin, providing a medium for the delivery of active ingredients.
Composition
Creams are typically composed of a mixture of water, oil, and an emulsifying agent. The emulsifying agent helps to stabilize the mixture, preventing the oil and water from separating. The ratio of oil to water can vary, resulting in different types of creams, such as oil-in-water (O/W) or water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions.
Oil-in-Water (O/W) Creams
In O/W creams, water is the continuous phase and oil is the dispersed phase. These creams are generally non-greasy and are easily washed off with water. They are often used for their cooling and soothing effects on the skin.
Water-in-Oil (W/O) Creams
In W/O creams, oil is the continuous phase and water is the dispersed phase. These creams are more greasy and provide a barrier on the skin, which can be beneficial for dry skin conditions.
Uses
Creams are used for a variety of purposes in dermatology and medicine. They can be used to deliver medications such as antibiotics, steroids, and antifungals directly to the skin. Creams are also used for moisturizing and protecting the skin.
Application
The application of creams involves spreading a thin layer over the affected area of the skin. It is important to follow the instructions provided by a healthcare professional or the product label to ensure proper use.
Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages
- Easy to apply and spread over large areas of skin.
- Can be formulated to provide specific therapeutic effects.
- Non-greasy formulations are cosmetically acceptable.
Disadvantages
- May require preservatives to prevent microbial growth.
- Some formulations can cause skin irritation or allergic reactions.
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