Heimler syndrome
(Redirected from Deafness enamel hypoplasia nail defects)
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Heimler syndrome | |
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Synonyms | N/A |
Pronounce | N/A |
Specialty | N/A |
Symptoms | Sensorineural hearing loss, amelogenesis imperfecta, nail dysplasia, retinal dystrophy |
Complications | N/A |
Onset | Childhood |
Duration | Lifelong |
Types | N/A |
Causes | Mutations in the PEX1 or PEX6 genes |
Risks | |
Diagnosis | Genetic testing, clinical evaluation |
Differential diagnosis | Usher syndrome, Wolfram syndrome |
Prevention | N/A |
Treatment | Hearing aids, dental care, vision support |
Medication | N/A |
Prognosis | Variable, depending on severity of symptoms |
Frequency | Rare |
Deaths |
Heimler Syndrome
Heimler syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by a combination of sensorineural hearing loss, amelogenesis imperfecta, and nail abnormalities. It is considered part of the spectrum of peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBDs), which are caused by mutations affecting peroxisome function.
Clinical Features
Individuals with Heimler syndrome typically present with:
- Sensorineural Hearing Loss: This type of hearing loss is due to damage to the inner ear or the nerve pathways from the inner ear to the brain. It is usually present from birth or early childhood.
- Amelogenesis Imperfecta: A condition affecting the development of tooth enamel, leading to teeth that are discolored, prone to damage, and may have an abnormal shape.
- Nail Abnormalities: These can include nail dystrophy, where the nails are malformed or discolored.
Genetic Basis
Heimler syndrome is caused by mutations in the PEX1 or PEX6 genes, which are involved in peroxisome biogenesis. These genes are crucial for the normal function of peroxisomes, which are cellular organelles involved in various metabolic pathways, including the breakdown of very long-chain fatty acids and the synthesis of plasmalogens.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of Heimler syndrome is based on clinical evaluation, family history, and genetic testing. Audiological assessments, dental examinations, and genetic tests can confirm the presence of mutations in the PEX1 or PEX6 genes.
Management
Management of Heimler syndrome is symptomatic and supportive. It may include:
- Hearing Aids or Cochlear Implants: To address hearing loss.
- Dental Care: Regular dental check-ups and treatments to manage amelogenesis imperfecta.
- Multidisciplinary Approach: Involving audiologists, dentists, geneticists, and other specialists as needed.
Related Conditions
Heimler syndrome is part of the broader group of peroxisome biogenesis disorders, which also includes Zellweger spectrum disorders. These conditions share some overlapping features but vary in severity and specific symptoms.
Research and Future Directions
Research into Heimler syndrome and related peroxisomal disorders is ongoing, with a focus on understanding the molecular mechanisms and developing potential therapies. Advances in genetic research and gene therapy hold promise for future treatment options.
NIH genetic and rare disease info
Heimler syndrome is a rare disease.
Rare and genetic diseases | ||||||
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Rare diseases - Heimler syndrome
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD