Endotoxin
Endotoxin
Endotoxin (/ɛnˈdoʊtɒksɪn/), also known as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is a type of toxin that is present in the outer membrane of certain Gram-negative bacteria.
Etymology
The term "endotoxin" is derived from the Greek words "endo," meaning "within," and "toxin," meaning "poison." This is because endotoxins are released when the bacteria are lysed.
Definition
Endotoxins are heat-stable, lipopolysaccharide-protein complexes which are integral parts of the cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria. They are released upon the death and lysis of the bacteria, and can cause a strong immune response in animals.
Related Terms
- Gram-negative bacteria: A group of bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation.
- Lipopolysaccharide: A large molecule consisting of a lipid and a polysaccharide joined by a covalent bond; they are found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, act as endotoxins and elicit strong immune responses in animals.
- Toxin: A harmful substance produced within living cells or organisms.
- Immune response: A reaction of the immune system to foreign substances.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Endotoxin
- Wikipedia's article - Endotoxin
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