The Needleman-Wunsch algorithm is a dynamic programming algorithm that finds the best
possible alignments between two strings.
It takes three score parameters: match, mismatch, and gap.
Since it is a dynamic programming algorithm, the problem is solved by filling a two
dimensional matrix. It requires O(nm) space and time where n and m are the lengths
of the first and second string, respectively.
All best possible alignments are found by filling the matrix according to the defined
score parameters.
Some optimizations of the algorithm avoid filling values distant from the diagonal, since those values are only needed for the poorest alignments.
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