Genotype

Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism or group of organisms with reference to a single trait, set of traits, or an entire complex of traits. The term is often used to highlight the underlying genetic components that lead to the observable physical characteristics (phenotype) of an organism.

Definition

The genotype is the part of the genetic makeup of a cell, and therefore of any individual, which determines one of its characteristics (phenotype). It is one of three factors that determine phenotype, the other two being inherited epigenetic factors, and non-inherited environmental factors.

Genotype and Phenotype

The relationship between genotype and phenotype is fundamental to the understanding of heredity and development. The genotype of an organism is the genetic code in its cells. This genetic constitution of an individual influences – but is not solely responsible for – many of its traits. The phenotype is the visible or expressed trait, such as hair color. The phenotype depends upon the genotype but can also be influenced by environmental factors.

Genotype-Phenotype Distinction

The genotype-phenotype distinction is drawn in genetics. "Genotype" is an organism's full hereditary information. "Phenotype" is an organism's actual observed properties, such as morphology, development, or behavior. This distinction is fundamental in the study of inheritance of traits and diseases.

Genotype-Environment Interaction

The concept of genotype-environment interaction recognizes that all phenotypes are a product of interactions between genetic and environmental factors.

See Also

• Genetics
• Phenotype
• Heredity
• Genetic Variation
• Genetic Drift

References

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  Punnett square showing Mendel's flowers

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  Example of autosomal dominant pedigree

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  Example of autosomal recessive pedigree