Groundcover

Groundcover

Vinca major, a common groundcover plant

Groundcover refers to any plant that grows over an area of ground, providing protection of the topsoil from erosion and drought. Groundcovers are an essential component of landscaping and gardening, offering both aesthetic and functional benefits. They are often used to cover areas where grass is difficult to grow or maintain, such as steep slopes, shaded areas, or under trees.

Characteristics

Groundcover plants are typically low-growing, spreading plants that form a dense mat over the soil. They can be herbaceous or woody, and may include perennials, annuals, or biennials. The primary function of groundcovers is to protect the soil, but they also help suppress weed growth, reduce soil erosion, and retain soil moisture.

Types of Groundcover Plants

There are many types of plants that can be used as groundcovers, each with its own unique characteristics and benefits. Some common types include:

Herbaceous Groundcovers

Herbaceous groundcovers are non-woody plants that die back to the ground in winter and regrow in spring. Examples include:

• Vinca major - Also known as greater periwinkle, this plant is known for its glossy green leaves and blue-violet flowers.
• Microstegium vimineum - Commonly known as Japanese stiltgrass, this invasive species can quickly cover large areas.

Microstegium vimineum, an invasive groundcover

Woody Groundcovers

Woody groundcovers are plants with stems that remain above ground year-round. They include:

• Juniperus species - Many junipers are used as groundcovers due to their low-growing, spreading habit.
• Cotoneaster - Known for its small, glossy leaves and bright red berries.

Succulent Groundcovers

Succulents are plants with thick, fleshy parts adapted to store water. They are ideal for dry areas and include:

• Aptenia cordifolia - Also known as heartleaf ice plant, it is a popular choice for its bright green leaves and red flowers.

Aptenia cordifolia, a succulent groundcover

Benefits of Groundcovers

Groundcovers offer numerous benefits in both natural and designed landscapes:

• Erosion Control: By covering the soil, groundcovers help prevent erosion caused by wind and water.
• Weed Suppression: A dense mat of groundcover can inhibit the growth of weeds by blocking sunlight and occupying space.
• Moisture Retention: Groundcovers help retain soil moisture by reducing evaporation.
• Aesthetic Appeal: They add texture, color, and interest to gardens and landscapes.

Challenges and Considerations

While groundcovers offer many benefits, they can also present challenges. Some groundcovers, like Microstegium vimineum, can become invasive, outcompeting native plants and disrupting local ecosystems. It is important to choose the right groundcover for the specific conditions of the site, considering factors such as sunlight, soil type, and climate.

Related Pages

• Mulch
• Erosion control
• Invasive species
• Landscaping

A natural groundcover in a heathland

Conclusion

Groundcovers are a versatile and valuable component of any landscape. By selecting appropriate species and managing them effectively, they can enhance the beauty and functionality of gardens and natural areas.