Recurrent miscarriage

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Recurrent miscarriage
File:Pie chart of causes of recurrent miscarriage.png
Synonyms	Habitual abortion
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Miscarriage occurring in three or more consecutive pregnancies
Complications	Infertility, emotional distress
Onset	Reproductive age
Duration	Varies
Types	Primary, Secondary
Causes	Genetic, Anatomical, Endocrine, Immunological, Infectious, Environmental
Risks	Advanced maternal age, Previous miscarriages
Diagnosis	Medical history, Ultrasound, Blood tests
Differential diagnosis	Ectopic pregnancy, Molar pregnancy
Prevention	Depends on underlying cause
Treatment	Depends on underlying cause; may include surgery, medication, lifestyle changes
Medication	Progesterone, Aspirin, Heparin
Prognosis	Varies
Frequency	Affects 1% of couples trying to conceive
Deaths	N/A

Recurrent miscarriage is a medical condition characterized by the loss of two or more pregnancies before the 20th week of gestation. It affects approximately 1% of couples trying to conceive.

Causes

The causes of recurrent miscarriage are diverse and often unknown. They can include genetic factors, hormonal imbalances, uterine abnormalities, and immune system disorders. In some cases, lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity can also contribute to recurrent miscarriage.

Genetic factors

Genetic factors are believed to be the cause of recurrent miscarriage in about 50% of cases. This can include chromosomal abnormalities in either the mother or father, or in the embryo itself.

Hormonal imbalances

Hormonal imbalances, particularly of progesterone and hCG, can prevent the uterus from being able to support a pregnancy. This can result in a miscarriage.

Uterine abnormalities

Uterine abnormalities, such as fibroids or an abnormally shaped uterus, can make it difficult for an embryo to implant and grow.

Immune system disorders

Certain immune system disorders, such as antiphospholipid syndrome, can increase the risk of miscarriage. In these cases, the immune system mistakenly attacks normal cells in the body, including those in the developing fetus.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of recurrent miscarriage typically involves a thorough medical history and physical examination, as well as a variety of tests to identify any potential underlying causes. These can include blood tests, imaging studies, and genetic testing.

Treatment

Treatment for recurrent miscarriage depends on the underlying cause. It can include medication, surgery, or interventions to address lifestyle factors. In some cases, no specific treatment is available, and couples may choose to continue trying to conceive naturally or consider options such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) or surrogacy.

See also

• Miscarriage
• Pregnancy loss
• Infertility