Hemidesmosome

Hemidesmosome is a type of cell junction that connects the basal cells to the underlying basement membrane. It is a complex structure that is involved in the adhesion of cells to the extracellular matrix. Hemidesmosomes are found in various tissues, including the skin, cornea, and mucous membranes.

Etymology

The term "hemidesmosome" is derived from the Greek words "hemi", meaning half, and "desmos", meaning bond. This is in reference to the structure's appearance, which resembles half of a desmosome when viewed under an electron microscope.

Structure

Hemidesmosomes are composed of several proteins, including integrin, collagen, laminin, and dystroglycan. These proteins interact to form a complex that connects the cell to the extracellular matrix. The main components of the hemidesmosome are the integrin proteins, which bind to the laminin in the basement membrane. The collagen and dystroglycan proteins provide additional support and stability to the structure.

Function

The primary function of hemidesmosomes is to anchor the basal cells to the basement membrane. This is important for maintaining the integrity of tissues and preventing them from separating under mechanical stress. Hemidesmosomes also play a role in signal transduction, which is the process by which cells communicate with each other.

Related Terms

• Basement membrane
• Cell junction
• Integrin
• Collagen
• Laminin
• Dystroglycan

See Also

• Desmosome
• Adherens junction
• Tight junction
• Gap junction

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Hemidesmosome gallery

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  Ultrastructure of tracheal hemidesmosomes in mice