Holmes-Adie syndrome
Holmes-Adie syndrome (pronunciation: /hɔːmz ˈeɪdiː/), also known as Adie's pupil or Adie's syndrome, is a neurological disorder characterized by a tonically dilated pupil that reacts slowly to light but accommodates for near vision. The etymology of the term traces back to two British neurologists, William John Adie and Gordon Morgan Holmes, who independently described the condition in the 1930s.
Symptoms
The primary symptom of Holmes-Adie syndrome is the presence of one or more pupils that are abnormally large and react abnormally to light. Other symptoms may include loss of deep tendon reflexes, especially in the lower limbs, and mild autonomic dysfunction.
Causes
The exact cause of Holmes-Adie syndrome is unknown, but it is thought to involve damage to the postganglionic nerve fibers in the ciliary ganglion, a parasympathetic ganglion located just behind the eye.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of Holmes-Adie syndrome is primarily based on clinical examination, including the observation of pupil size and reaction to light. Additional tests, such as the tonic pupil test, may also be used.
Treatment
Treatment for Holmes-Adie syndrome is typically symptomatic and may include the use of pilocarpine eye drops to constrict the pupil and improve light sensitivity.
Prognosis
The prognosis for individuals with Holmes-Adie syndrome is generally good. While the condition is chronic, it is not life-threatening and does not typically affect life expectancy.
See also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Holmes-Adie syndrome
- Wikipedia's article - Holmes-Adie syndrome
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