Heterosis

Heterosis, also known as hybrid vigor or outbreeding enhancement, is a phenomenon in which the hybrid offspring of two different varieties of a species show qualities superior to those of both parents. This concept is widely used in plant and animal breeding.

Overview

The term Heterosis was coined by George Harrison Shull in 1914. It is a phenomenon observed in the offspring resulting from a cross-breeding of parents from different species or subspecies, or even from different strains or varieties within a species. The offspring, or hybrids, exhibit traits that are stronger, more robust, or more efficient than those of either parent.

Mechanisms

The exact mechanisms behind heterosis are not fully understood, but several theories have been proposed. These include the Dominance hypothesis, the Overdominance hypothesis, and the Epistasis hypothesis. Each of these theories suggests different genetic factors that could contribute to the superior qualities observed in hybrid offspring.

Applications

Heterosis has been widely used in agricultural practices for many years. It is particularly useful in the breeding of crop plants and livestock, where it can result in increased yield, size, or efficiency. Some examples of crops that have benefited from heterosis include corn, rice, and wheat.

See also

• Hybrid
• Inbreeding depression
• Plant breeding
• Animal breeding

References

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  Time course imaging of two maize inbreds LH198 and PHG47 and their F1 hybrid

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  Heterosis