Lymphatic system

Lymphatic System

The Lymphatic system is a part of the immune system and vascular system, comprising a network of lymphatic vessels that carry a clear fluid called lymph directionally towards the heart. The lymphatic system was first described in the seventeenth century independently by Olaus Rudbeck and Thomas Bartholin.

Structure

The lymphatic system includes the lymph nodes (singular lymph node), thymus, spleen, and lymphoid tissue. The system also includes all the structures dedicated to the circulation and production of lymphocytes (the main cells of the immune system).

Lymph

Lymph is the fluid that is formed when the interstitial fluid (the fluid which lies in the interstices of all body tissues) is collected through lymph capillaries. It is then transported through larger lymphatic vessels to lymph nodes before emptying ultimately into the right or the left subclavian vein, where it mixes back with blood.

Lymph nodes

Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped structures that produce and store cells that fight infection and disease. The lymph nodes are a major site of B cells, T cells, and other white blood cells. Lymph nodes are important for the proper functioning of the immune system, acting as filters for foreign particles and cancer cells.

Function

The lymphatic system has multiple interrelated functions including the transportation of white blood cells to and from the bones, and the transportation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells, to the lymph nodes where an immune response is stimulated.

Clinical significance

Diseases and disorders of the lymphatic system are typically treated by immunologists. Vascular surgeons, dermatologists, oncologists and physiatrists also get involved in treatment of various lymphatic ailments. There are also lymphedema therapists who specialize in the manual drainage of the lymphatic system.

See also

• Lymphatic disease
• Lymphedema
• Lymphatic filariasis
• Lymphatic system in Chinese medicine

External links

• Lymphatic System at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

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