Xanthoma disseminatum

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Xanthoma disseminatum (pronunciation: zan-tho-ma dis-sem-i-na-tum) is a rare, non-familial type of xanthoma characterized by the widespread eruption of yellowish-brown papules and nodules, primarily affecting the skin and mucous membranes.

Etymology

The term "xanthoma" is derived from the Greek words "xanthos" meaning yellow, and "-oma" meaning tumor or growth. "Disseminatum" is a Latin term meaning scattered or dispersed, referring to the widespread nature of the lesions in this condition.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of Xanthoma disseminatum is the appearance of numerous small, yellowish-brown papules and nodules on the skin. These lesions are typically found on the face, neck, trunk, and flexural areas such as the armpits and groin. In some cases, the mucous membranes of the mouth, eyes, and respiratory tract may also be affected.

Causes

The exact cause of Xanthoma disseminatum is unknown. However, it is believed to be associated with certain lipid metabolism disorders. It is not a hereditary condition and does not appear to be linked to cholesterol levels.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Xanthoma disseminatum is typically made based on the characteristic appearance of the skin lesions. A skin biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis. In some cases, additional tests may be needed to rule out other conditions that can cause similar skin lesions, such as Langerhans cell histiocytosis or Niemann-Pick disease.

Treatment

Treatment for Xanthoma disseminatum primarily involves managing the symptoms and may include topical or systemic corticosteroids, lipid-lowering agents, and in some cases, surgical removal of the lesions.

See also

External links

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