Motor Neurons
Motor Neurons
Motor neurons (pronunciation: /ˈmoʊtər ˈnjuːrɒn/), also known as motor neurones, are a type of neuron that directly or indirectly controls effector organs, including muscles and glands. They are efferent neurons, meaning they carry information away from the central nervous system (CNS) to effectors in the body.
Etymology
The term "motor neuron" is derived from the Latin words "motor" meaning "mover" and "neuron" meaning "nerve". It was first used in the late 19th century to describe the nerve cells that control muscle contraction.
Types of Motor Neurons
There are two main types of motor neurons: upper motor neurons and lower motor neurons. Upper motor neurons originate in the motor region of the cerebral cortex or the brainstem and carry motor information down to the lower motor neurons. Lower motor neurons are located in the spinal cord and directly innervate muscles in the body.
Related Terms
- Neuron: The basic working unit of the brain, a specialized cell designed to transmit information to other nerve cells, muscle, or gland cells.
- Effector organ: An organ capable of responding to a stimulus, especially a nerve impulse.
- Central nervous system: The complex of nerve tissues that controls the activities of the body. In vertebrates, it comprises the brain and spinal cord.
- Upper motor neuron: A neuron that originates in the motor region of the cerebral cortex or the brainstem and carries motor information down to the final common pathway.
- Lower motor neuron: A neuron located in the spinal cord that directly innervates muscles and is responsible for their contraction.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Motor Neurons
- Wikipedia's article - Motor Neurons
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