Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Neurodevelopmental Disorders (pronunciation: /ˌnʊəroʊˌdɛvəlˈɒpməntəl dɪsˈɔrdərz/) are a group of conditions that occur due to disruptions in the development of the brain and nervous system. These disorders typically manifest early in development, often before birth, and can affect a person's behavior, memory, ability to learn, and social interaction skills.
Etymology
The term "Neurodevelopmental Disorders" is derived from three words: "neuro" (from the Greek word "neuron" meaning nerve), "developmental" (from the Latin word "developmentum" meaning development), and "disorders" (from the Old French word "desordre" meaning disorder).
Types of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
There are several types of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, including:
- Autism Spectrum Disorder: A condition characterized by difficulties with social interaction and communication, and by restricted and repetitive behavior.
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A disorder marked by an ongoing pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development.
- Learning Disorders: Disorders that affect the ability to understand or use spoken or written language, do mathematical calculations, coordinate movements, or direct attention.
- Intellectual Disability: A disorder marked by below average intellectual function and a lack of skills necessary for day-to-day living.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of Neurodevelopmental Disorders often involves a combination of physical examination, medical history, and behavioral assessments. In some cases, genetic testing may be used to identify specific disorders.
Treatment
Treatment for Neurodevelopmental Disorders typically involves a combination of medication, behavioral therapy, and educational support. The specific treatment plan will depend on the type and severity of the disorder.
Related Terms
- Neurology: The branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the nervous system.
- Psychiatry: The branch of medicine focused on the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mental, emotional and behavioral disorders.
- Pediatrics: The branch of medicine dealing with the health and medical care of infants, children, and adolescents.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Wikipedia's article - Neurodevelopmental Disorders
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