Fertilizer

Fertilizer is a substance added to soil to improve plants' growth and yield. First used by ancient farmers, fertilizer technology developed significantly as the chemical needs of growing plants were discovered.

Modern synthetic fertilizers

Modern synthetic fertilizers are composed mainly of nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium compounds with secondary nutrients added. The use of synthetic fertilizers has significantly improved the quality and quantity of the food available today.

Nitrogen fertilizers

Nitrogen fertilizers are made from ammonia (NH3) which is sometimes injected into the ground directly. The ammonia is converted into other nitrogen compounds that can be utilized by plants.

Phosphate fertilizers

Phosphate fertilizers are made from phosphate rock. The rock is treated with acid to make it soluble and thus available to plants.

Potassium fertilizers

Potassium fertilizers, also called potash fertilizers, are mined from potash deposits. The potassium is made soluble by treating the potash with acid.

Environmental impact

The use of fertilizers has effects on the environment. These include water pollution, soil degradation, and harm to wildlife.

See also

• Agriculture
• Soil science
• Environmental science

References

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