Overactive thyroid
Overactive Thyroid
Overactive thyroid, also known as hyperthyroidism, is a medical condition characterized by the overproduction of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland. Pronounced as /ˌoʊvərˈæktɪv ˈθaɪrɔɪd/, the term is derived from the Greek words 'hyper' meaning 'over' and 'thyreos' meaning 'shield', referring to the shield-like shape of the thyroid gland.
Symptoms
Symptoms of an overactive thyroid can vary, but often include nervousness, irritability, increased resting heart rate, heart palpitations, increased sweating, and weight loss. In some cases, patients may also experience tremors, heat intolerance, changes in appetite or sleep patterns, and frequent bowel movements.
Causes
The most common cause of overactive thyroid is Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder that leads to an overactive thyroid gland. Other causes can include thyroid nodules, inflammation of the thyroid (thyroiditis), and excessive iodine intake.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of an overactive thyroid typically involves a physical examination, blood tests to measure levels of thyroid hormones (thyroxine or T4 and triiodothyronine or T3), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). In some cases, a radioactive iodine uptake test may be performed.
Treatment
Treatment for an overactive thyroid depends on the cause and severity of symptoms. Options include radioactive iodine therapy, anti-thyroid medications, beta-blockers, and surgery (thyroidectomy).
Related Terms
- Hypothyroidism: A condition in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones.
- Thyroid storm: A severe, life-threatening condition caused by an extreme overproduction of thyroid hormones.
- Goiter: An abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Overactive thyroid
- Wikipedia's article - Overactive thyroid
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