Pneumoperitoneum

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Pneumoperitoneum
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Abdominal pain, distension, dyspnea
Complications	Peritonitis, sepsis
Onset	Sudden
Duration	Variable
Types	N/A
Causes	Perforated peptic ulcer, trauma, post-surgical
Risks	Peptic ulcer disease, abdominal surgery
Diagnosis	X-ray, CT scan
Differential diagnosis	Pneumatosis intestinalis, subphrenic abscess
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Surgical intervention, antibiotics
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Depends on underlying cause and treatment
Frequency	Common in cases of abdominal trauma or surgery
Deaths	N/A

Pneumoperitoneum chest X-ray

Pneumoperitoneum lateral decubitus

Double wall sign annotated

File:UOTW 68 - Ultrasound of the Week 2.webm Pneumoperitoneum refers to the medical condition characterized by the presence of air or gas in the peritoneal cavity, the space within the abdomen that contains the intestines, stomach, and liver. It is a common finding on radiographs and can be a sign of a serious medical condition, such as a perforated abdominal organ.

Causes

Pneumoperitoneum is most commonly caused by a perforated abdominal organ. This can occur due to a variety of conditions, including peptic ulcer disease, diverticulitis, and appendicitis. Other causes can include trauma, surgery, and certain medical procedures, such as a colonoscopy or endoscopy.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of pneumoperitoneum is typically made through imaging studies. An abdominal X-ray or CT scan can show the presence of air or gas in the peritoneal cavity. In some cases, a physical examination may also reveal signs of pneumoperitoneum, such as abdominal pain, tenderness, or distension.

Treatment

The treatment for pneumoperitoneum depends on the underlying cause. If it is due to a perforated organ, emergency surgery may be required to repair the damage. In some cases, antibiotics may also be given to prevent or treat infection. If the pneumoperitoneum is due to a medical procedure, it may not require any treatment and may resolve on its own.

See also

• Peritoneal cavity
• Peritonitis
• Abdominal X-ray
• CT scan

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