Sarcocystis

Sarcocystis is a genus of protozoa that was discovered by Miescher in 1843. The genus is part of the phylum Apicomplexa, and the family Sarcocystidae. The life cycle of Sarcocystis involves two hosts. The definitive host, usually a carnivore, ingests muscle tissue from the intermediate host, which contains the cysts of the parasite. The parasite then reproduces in the intestine of the definitive host, producing oocysts that are excreted in the feces. The intermediate host, usually a herbivore, ingests the oocysts, which develop into cysts in the muscle tissue.

Life Cycle

The life cycle of Sarcocystis is complex and involves two hosts. The definitive host, usually a carnivore, ingests muscle tissue from the intermediate host, which contains the cysts of the parasite. The parasite then reproduces in the intestine of the definitive host, producing oocysts that are excreted in the feces. The intermediate host, usually a herbivore, ingests the oocysts, which develop into cysts in the muscle tissue.

Morphology

The morphology of Sarcocystis varies depending on the stage of the life cycle. The oocysts are spherical and measure about 20 micrometers in diameter. The cysts in the muscle tissue of the intermediate host are elongated and can measure up to several centimeters in length.

Pathogenesis and Clinical Signs

Infection with Sarcocystis can cause a variety of clinical signs in the intermediate host, including muscle weakness, weight loss, and neurological symptoms. In severe cases, the infection can be fatal. The definitive host usually shows no signs of infection.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis of Sarcocystis infection is usually made by finding the cysts in muscle tissue or the oocysts in the feces of the definitive host. Treatment involves the use of antiprotozoal drugs.

Epidemiology

Sarcocystis is found worldwide and can infect a wide range of intermediate hosts, including cattle, sheep, pigs, and horses. The definitive hosts are usually carnivores, including dogs, cats, and humans.

See Also

• Apicomplexa
• Sarcocystidae

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  Sarcocystis